Static Magnetic fields

Randomised controlled trial of magnetic bracelets for relieving pain in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee  1
Magnetic Mattress Pad Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-blind Pilot Study. 2
Clinical Test of Magnetic Mattress Pads -A 12-Month Double-Blind Study. 3
Biomagnetics In The Treatment Of Human Pain. 3
Effects of Magnetic Field on Metabolic Action in the Peripheral Tissue
Response of pain to static magnetic fields in postpolio patients: a double-blind pilot study.
Use of magnet therapy to heal an abdominal wound: a case study.
Magnetic fields and seasonality of affective illness: implications for therapy
Magnetic fields in the therapy of parkinsonism
Exposure to strong static magnetic field slows the growth of human cancer cells in vitro.
The effect in vitro of permanent and variable magnetic fields on immunocompetent blood cells from patients with hemoblastoses and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma
Magnetic necklace: its therapeutic effectiveness on neck and shoulder pain.
Effects of static magnetic and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing.
Effect of a static magnetic field on fracture healing in a rabbit radius
Effects of static magnetic field on bone formation of rat femurs.

Electromagnetic fields

Treatment with electromagnetic field alters the clinical course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis--a case report.
Magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and other disorders.
Resolution of sleep paralysis by weak electromagnetic fields in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
Successful treatment of multiple sclerosis with magnetic fields.
Reversal of alexia in multiple sclerosis by weak electromagnetic fields.
Alzheimer's disease: improvement of visual memory and visuoconstructive performance by treatment with picotesla range magnetic fields.
 Transcranial magnetic coil stimulation of motor cortex in patients with central pain.
Attenuation of epilepsy with application of external magnetic fields: a case report
Magnetic stimulation in restorative therapy of patients with spondylogenic diseases of nervous system

Magnetised water

The effect of oral irrigation with a magnetic water treatment device on plaque and calculus.
The effectiveness of a magnetized water oral irrigator (Hydro Floss) on plaque, calculus and gingival health.
Experimental Evidence for Effects of Magnetic Fields on Moving Water

Magnetic devices

A magnetic appliance for treatment of snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Title Use of magnet therapy to heal an abdominal wound: a case study.

Szor JK; Topp R Toledo Hospital, Ohio, USA.
Ostomy Wound Manage, 44(5):24-9 1998 May
Abstract
Complementary therapies, in particular magnet therapy, may have benefits to offer in healing chronic wounds. This case study involves a 51 year old paraplegic woman with an abdominal wound that had been present for one year. Traditional approaches to wound care had not achieved complete healing. Prior to surgical intervention, the patient consented to the application of magnet therapy over her usual wound dressing. In one month, the wound completely healed. On the basis of this case, further investigation of magnet therapy for wound healing appears to be warranted.

Title Treatment with electromagnetic field alters the clinical course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis--a case report.

Sandyk R NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811, USA. Int J Neurosci, 88(1-2):75-82 1996 Nov
Abstract
It is estimated that 10-20% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a chronic progressive (CP) course characterized by an insidious of neurological deficits followed by steady progression of disability in the absence of symptomatic remission. No therapeutic modality has shown specific efficacy in the treatment of patients with CP MS and there are no data to indicate that any pharmacologic or other modality alters the clinical course of CP MS. Treatment with picotesla electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is a highly effective modality for the symptomatic management of MS including the chronic progressive form. In addition, this treatment also appears to alter the natural course of the disease in CP patients. A 36 year-old man experienced, at the age of 31, insidious weakness in the legs and several months later developed difficulties with balance with ataxia of gait. His gait abnormality progressed slowly over the following years and at the age of 35 he was severely disabled with spastic paraparesis and ataxia using a rolling walker for ambulation and a scooter for longer distances. In particular, his disability had progressed rapidly over the six months preceding the initiation of treatment with EMFs. He as classified have CP MS and his prognosis was considered extremely unfavorable due to the degree of cerebellar and pyramidal tract involvement and the rapid course of deterioration. In July 1995 the patient began experimental treatment with EMFs. While receiving three treatment sessions a week over 12 months he experienced improvement in cerebellar functions such as gait, balance and tremor as well as bowel and bladder functions, mood, sleep and cognitive function and resolution of diplopia, blurring of vision, dysarthria, paresthesias in the hands, and fatigue. Most remarkably, there was no further progression of the disease during the course of magnetic therapy. This case illustrated that treatment with EMFs, in addition to producing symptomatic improvement, also reverses the clinical course of CP MS.

Title Magnetic fields and seasonality of affective illness: implications for therapy.
Author Sandyk R; Anninos PA; Tsagas N Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461. Source Int J Neurosci, 58(3-4):261-7 1991 Jun
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by recurrent winter depression associated with hypersomnia, overeating, and carbohydrate craving. The severe form of winter depression affects about 5% of the general population and is believed to be caused by light deficiency. About 70%-80% of patients with winter depression experience attenuation of symptoms when exposed to bright light therapy. Hypotheses pertaining to the pathogenesis of winter depression implicate the effects of light on different characteristics of circadian rhythms. One of the environmental factors which may be implicated, in addition to light, in the pathophysiology of winter depression is the geomagnetic field. There is strong indication that the pineal gland is a magnetosensitive system and that changes in the ambient magnetic field alter melatonin secretion and synchronize the circadian rhythms. In man, shielding of the ambient magnetic field significantly desynchronizes circadian rhythms which could be gradually resynchronized after application of magnetic fields. The strength of the environmental magnetic field diminishes during the winter months, leading to increased susceptibility for desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Thus, since the acute application of magnetic fields in experimental animals resembles that of acute exposure to light with respect to melatonin secretion (i.e., suppression of melatonin secretion), magnetic treatment might be beneficial for patients with winter depression. In addition, since the environmental light and magnetic fields, which undergo diurnal and seasonal
variations, influence the activity of the pineal gland, we propose that a synergistic effect of light and magnetic therapy in patients with winter depression would be more physiological and, therefore, superior to phototherapy alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Title Magnetic fields in the therapy of parkinsonism. Sandyk R NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811.Int J Neurosci, 66(3-4):209-35 1992 Oct
Abstract
In a recent Editorial published in this Journal, I presented a new and revolutionary method for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). I reported that extracranial treatment with picoTesla magnetic fields (MF) is a highly effective, safe, and revolutionary modality in the symptomatic management of PD. My conclusion was based on experience gained following the successful treatment of over 20 Parkinsonian patients, two of whom had levodopa-induced dyskinesias. None of the patients developed side effects during a several month period of follow-up. In the present communication, I present two reports. The first concerns four Parkinsonian patients in whom picoTesla MF produced a remarkable and sustained improvement in disability. Three of the patients had idiopathic PD and the fourth patient developed a Parkinsonian syndrome following an anoxic episode. In all patients, treatment with MF was applied as an adjunct to antiParkinsonian medication. The improvement noted in these patients attests to the efficacy of picoTesla MF as an additional, noninvasive modality in the therapy of the disease. The second report concerns two demented Parkinsonian patients in whom treatment with picoTesla MF rapidly reversed visuospatial impairment as demonstrated by the Clock Drawing Test. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the efficacy of these MF in the amelioration of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Since Alzheimer's pathology frequently coexists with the dementia of Parkinsonism, these observations underscore the potential efficacy of picoTesla MF in the treatment of dementias of various etiologies.

Title Effects of static magnetic and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing.
Darendeliler MA, Darendeliler A, Sinclair PM  Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.
Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1997;12(1):43-53
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the healing pattern of an experimentally induced osteotomy in Hartley guinea pigs in the presence of static magnetic and pulsed electromagnetic fields. The sample consisted of 30 Hartley guinea pigs 2 weeks of age divided into 3 groups: pulsed electromagnetic, static magnetic, and control. An osteotomy was performed in the mandibular postgonial area in all groups under general anesthesia. During the experimental period of 9 days, the animals were kept in experiment cages 8 hours per day, the first two groups being in the presence of pulsed electromagnetic and static magnetic field, respectively. Based on histologic results, both static and pulsed electromagnetic fields seemed to accelerate the rate of bone repair when compared to the control group. The osteotomy sites in the control animals consisted of connective tissue, while new bone had filled the osteotomy areas in both magnetic field groups.

Effect of a static magnetic field on fracture healing in a rabbit radius
Author Bruce GK; Howlett CR; Huckstep RL
Source Clin Orthop, (222):300-6 1987 Sep
Abstract  To ascertain what effect a static magnetic force has on a healing fracture, samarium cobalt magnets were implanted adjacent to induced radial fractures in adult rabbits. A magnetic field of 220-260 G was generated at the fracture site. The radii were allowed to heal for four weeks and the contralateral fractured bones acted as controls. Healing bone units were assessed microscopically and mechanically. Significantly greater forces (p less than 0.01) were required to break those bone units exposed to magnetic fields. However, no significant difference was found when comparing the longitudinal midcallus areas from magnetized and nonmagnetized limbs.

Effects of static magnetic field on bone formation of rat femurs.
Author Yan QC; Tomita N; Ikada Y
Address Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
Source Med Eng Phys, 20(6):397-402 1998 Sep
Abstract  Effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on bone formation of rat femurs, were evaluated using tapered rods made of magnetized and unmagnetized samarium cobalt of the same size. They were implanted transcortically into the middle diaphysis of rat femurs under press-fit loading. The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone calcium content were measured 12 weeks after implantation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and chemical analysis with o-cresolphthalein complexon, respectively. The result revealed that the femurs adjacent to magnetized specimens had significantly higher BMD and calcium content than those adjacent to the unmagnetized specimen (p < 0.01). However, the value of BMD and calcium content of rats with magnetized specimens was similar to that of non-operated rats. No specific change was found in the body weight, serum Ca, activity of alkaline phosphatase, hemogram, and BMD of the tibia and humerus among the magnetized and unmagnetized. These results suggest that the long-term local SMF stimulation on the bone has a local effect to prevent the decrease in BMD caused by surgical invasion or implantation.

Title Response of pain to static magnetic fields in postpolio patients: a double-blind pilot study.
Author Vallbona C; Hazlewood CF; Jurida G
Address Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Source Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1997 Nov, 78:11, 1200-3
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine if the chronic pain frequently presented by postpolio patients can be relieved by application of magnetic fields applied directly over an identified pain trigger point.
DESIGN: Double-blind randomized clinical trial.
SETTING: The postpolio clinic of a large rehabilitation hospital.
PATIENTS: Fifty patients with diagnosed postpolio syndrome who reported muscular or arthritic-like pain.
INTERVENTION: Application of active or placebo 300 to 500 Gauss magnetic devices to the affected area for 45 minutes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Score on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS: Patients who received the active device experienced an average pain score decrease of 4.4 +/- 3.1 (p < .0001) on a 10-point scale. Those with the placebo devices experienced a decrease of 1.1 +/- 1.6 points (p < .005). The proportion of patients in the active-device group who reported a pain score decrease greater than the average placebo effect was 76%, compared with 19% in the placebo-device group (p < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The application of a device delivering static magnetic fields of 300 to 500 Gauss over a pain trigger point results in significant and prompt relief of pain in postpolio subjects.

Title Transcranial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and other disorders. Kirkcaldie MT; Pridmore SA; Pascual Leone A Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Source Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1997 Apr, 31:2, 264-72
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the progress and prospects of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a psychiatric therapy for depression.
METHOD: Published and unpublished studies of the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for depression were assessed, and characterised in terms of a consistent measure of dosage. Additional information was obtained through correspondence, personal meetings and visits to facilities.
RESULTS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a means for inducing small regional currents in the brain, has been used in clinical neurology for some time, and can be used on conscious subjects with minimal side-effects. Early researchers noticed transient mood effects on people receiving this treatment, which prompted several inconclusive investigations of its effects on depressed patients. More recently, knowledge of functional abnormalities associated with depression has led to trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate underactive left prefrontal regions, an approach which has produced short-term benefits for some subjects. The higher dosage delivered by high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears to produce greater benefits; scope exists for more conclusive studies based on extended treatment periods.
CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising technology. The reviewed evidence indicates that it may be useful in the treatment of depression, and perhaps other disorders which are associated with regional hypometabolism. Should repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation prove an effective, non-invasive, drug-free treatment for depression, a range of disorders could be similarly treatable.

Title Exposure to strong static magnetic field slows the growth of human cancer cells in vitro.  Raylman RR; Clavo AC; Wahl RL  University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA.
Source Bioelectromagnetics, 1996, 17:5, 358-63
Abstract
Proposals to enhance the amount of radiation dose delivered to small tumors with radioimmunotherapy by constraining emitted electrons with very strong homogeneous static magnetic fields has renewed interest in the cellular effects of prolonged exposures to such fields. Past investigations have not studied the effects on tumor cell growth of lengthy exposures to very high magnetic fields. Three malignant human cell lines, HTB 63 (melanoma), HTB 77 IP3 (ovarian carcinoma), and CCL 86 (lymphoma: Raji cells), were exposed to a 7 Tesla uniform static magnetic field for 64 hours. Following exposure, the number of viable cells in each group was determined. In addition, multicycle flow cytometry was performed on all cell lines, and pulsed-field electrophoresis was performed solely on Raji cells to investigate changes in cell cycle patterns and the possibility of DNA fragmentation induced by the magnetic field. A 64 h exposure to the magnetic field produced a reduction in viable cell number in each of the three cell lines. Reductions of 19.04 +/- 7.32%, 22.06 +/- 6.19%, and 40.68 +/- 8.31% were measured for the melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and lymphoma cell lines, respectively, vs. control groups not exposed to the magnetic field. Multicycle flow cytometry revealed that the cell cycle was largely unaltered. Pulsed-field electrophoresis analysis revealed no increase in DNA breaks related to magnetic field exposure. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to a very strong magnetic field appeared to inhibit the growth of three human tumor cell lines in vitro. The mechanism underlying this effect has not, as yet, been identified, although alteration of cell growth cycle and gross fragmentation of DNA have been excluded as possible contributory factors. Future investigations of this phenomenon may have a significant impact on the future understanding and treatment of cancer.

Title A magnetic appliance for treatment of snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Bernhold M; Bondemark L  Orthodontic Clinic, Hassleholm, Sweden.
Source Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1998 Feb, 113:2, 144-55
Abstract The aim of this intraindividual study was to investigate the effects of an intraoral magnetic appliance on snoring, daytime sleepiness, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as to analyze the effects on the craniomandibular complex and investigate the response of the device to craniofacial structure. Twenty-five male patients (mean age 54.1 years, SD 11.44) with handicapping snoring or obstructed sleep apnea (OSAS) participated in the study. The appliance consisted of a maxillary and a mandibular occlusal acrylic splint. In each splint, four cylindrical neodymium-iron-boron magnets were embedded and oriented to produce intermaxillary forces that pulled the mandible forward.
If you have read this far you will have noticed that this abstract is different from the others.   Here the magnets are just used to keep the jaw in place.   This is a dummy abstract
After a treatment period of 6 months, questionnaires were used for registration of the patients' subjective rating of daytime sleepiness and their close relatives' opinions about the snoring. The treatment effects on the temporomandibular joint were evaluated, according to Helkimos' anamnestic and dysfunctional index, and nightly registration of blood oxygen saturation was performed before and after 6 months of treatment. The effects on craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue profiles were analyzed cephalometrically. All patients easily accepted the magnetic appliance. The main symptoms, snoring and daytime sleepiness, decreased significantly when the magnet appliance was inserted (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively). The blood oxygen saturation during sleep was also improved (p = 0.012). The treatment had no aberrant effects on the temporomandibular joint status. The appliance made the mandible rotate downward and backward, mean 7.8 degrees, and this rotation mostly camouflaged the forward movement of the mandible. There was no significant influence on the hyoid bone position, but the hypopharyngeal airway space increased, the tongue base was lowered, and the contact between the tongue and soft palate was reduced significantly.

Title The effectiveness of a magnetized water oral irrigator (Hydro Floss) on plaque, calculus and gingival health.  Johnson KE; Sanders JJ; Gellin RG; Palesch YY  Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-2663, USA.
Source J Clin Periodontol, 1998 Apr, 25:4, 316-21
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a magnetized water oral irrigator on plaque, calculus and gingival health. 29 patients completed this double-blind crossover study. Each patient was brought to baseline via an oral prophylaxis with a plaque index < or = 1 and a gingival index < or = 1. Subjects used the irrigator for a period of 3 months with the magnet and 3 months without the magnet. After each 3 month interval, data were collected using the plaque index, gingival index, and accretions index. The repeated measures analysis on plaque, gingival and calculus indices yielded a statistically-significant period effect for PlI (p=0.0343), GI (p=0.0091), and approached significance for calculus (p=0.0593). This meant that the effect of irrigation resulted in a decrease of all indices over time. Therefore, the treatment effect on each index was evaluated using only the measurements obtained at the end of the first period (i.e., assuming a parallel design). Irrigation with magnetized water resulted in 64% less calculus compared to the control group. The reduction was statistically significant (p< or =0.02). The reduction by 27% in gingival index was not statistically significant. The reduction in plaque was minimal (2.2%). A strong positive correlation between the plaque index and the Watt accretion index was observed. The magnetized water oral irrigator could be a useful adjunct in the prevention of calculus accumulation in periodontal patients, but appears to have minimal effect on plaque reduction. The results indicated a clinical improvement in the gingival index, but this was not a statistically significant finding.

 The effect of oral irrigation with a magnetic water treatment device on plaque and calculus. Watt DL, Rosenfelder C, Sutton CD George Mason University, Department of Operations Research and Applied Statistics.
J Clin Periodontol 1993 May;20(5):314-7
Calculus formation on tooth surfaces is analogous to the formation of lime and scale deposits in plumbing. Magnetic water devices have been shown to significantly reduce scale deposits in industry; therefore an oral irrigator with a magnetic water device may have a similar effect on calculus. To test this hypothesis, a double-blind clinical study was established using 64 irrigators, 30 of which had their magnetic devices removed. 54 patients with heavy supragingival calculus were given irrigators at random after prophylaxis. Instructions were given to irrigate twice a day, particularly the lower 6 anterior teeth. The patients were also told not to floss these 6 teeth which were to be the study teeth. They were examined after 3 months and measurements were taken of the accretions adhering to the study teeth. No attempt was made to determine whether the adhering material was hard or soft so it must be assumed that at least some of the measured material was also plaque. The measurements of the group using an irrigator with a magnetic device showed a 44% greater reduction in calculus volume (p < 0.0005) and a 42% greater reduction in area (p < 0.0001) over the group using an unmagnetized irrigator. There appears to be a statistically significant difference in supragingival accretion volumes between conventional irrigation and using an irrigator with a magnetic water treatment device.

Title: Experimental Evidence for Effects of Magnetic Fields on Moving Water by Dr. Klaus J. Kronenberg,
The full article appeared in the 1984 Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Conference transactions: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. Mag-21, No. 5, September 1985, pages 2059-2061. This article corresponds to the presentation by Dr. Kronenberg at the IEEE's International Conference on Magnetism in April 1985 in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Abstract
Observable changes of water by magnetic fields have been investigated in an attempt to contribute to the knowledge of the structure of liquid water. The crystallization mode of the water's mineral content was found to change from a dendritic, substrate-bound solidification habit to the form of separate disc-shaped crystals after the water had moved through a number of magnetic fields. The former scarcity of crystallization nucleii in the water had been turned into an abundance of nucleation centers in the water. The reduction of the number of the substrate-bound crystals has been used as a quantitative measure of the magnetic effect. A mechanism is suggested assuming that resonance between the time sequence of the magnetic fields and the internal vibratory frequency of the water complexes results in the fracture of some of the complexes. Thereby, the formerly encased foreign particles are released and provide the nucleii for the formation of disc-shaped crystals throughout the volume of the water. Further studies are urged in view of the staggering potential benefits for many water users, such as prevention of hard lime scale build-up, increased effectivity of chemical additions to water for softening, fertilizing, feeding, and cleaning purposes.

Title The effect in vitro of permanent and variable magnetic fields on immunocompetent blood cells from patients with hemoblastoses and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma Bessmel'tsev SS; Abdulkadyrov KM; Lavrushina TS; Gonchar VA; Zamotina TB
Source Lik Sprava, 1998 May, :3, 125-30
Abstract Immunologic parameters were studied in 54 patients with myeloma multiplex (MM), acute leukosis (AL), non-Hodgkin's disease (NHD) before and after in vitro exposure of these patients' blood to weak constant magnetic field (CMF) and CMF in combination with variable magnetic field (VMF). Blood irradiation with CMF over 60 min in AL and MM patients brought about in some cases enhancement of the expression of +CD3, +CD4 and CD8 together with augmentation of the immunoregulatory index. At the same time phagocytic activity of leucocytes got increased as did digesting capability and index of completeness of phagocytosis, i.e. exposure to CMF prevents a blockade of receptors for neutrophilic complement, increases their phagocytic activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In studying immunocompetent cells of NHD patients' blood, T-helpers were found out to be moderately decreased, with T-suppressors to a greater extent so. Study of CMF and VMF effects on MM and AL patients' blood has shown an immunocorrective action thereof though to a lesser extent so.

Title: Resolution of sleep paralysis by weak electromagnetic fields in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Sandyk R
Address Department of Neuroscience, Touro College, Dix Hills, NY 11746, USA.
Source Int J Neurosci, 90(3-4):145-57 1997 Aug
Abstract Sleep paralysis refers to episodes of inability to move during the onset of sleep or more commonly upon awakening. Patients often describe the sensation of struggling to move and may experience simultaneous frightening vivid hallucinations and dreams. Sleep paralysis and other manifestations of dissociated states of wakefulness and sleep, which reflect deficient monoaminergic regulation of neural modulators of REM sleep, have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A 40 year old woman with remitting-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) experienced episodes of sleep paralysis since the age of 16, four years prior to the onset of her neurological symptoms. Episodes of sleep paralysis, which manifested at a frequency of about once a week, occurred only upon awakening in the morning and were considered by the patient as a most terrifying experience. Periods of mental stress, sleep deprivation, physical fatigue and exacerbation of MS symptoms appeared to enhance the occurrence of sleep paralysis. In July of 1992 the patient began experimental treatment with AC pulsed applications of picotesla intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of 5Hz frequency which were applied extracerebrally 1-2 times per week. During the course of treatment with EMFs the patient made a dramatic recovery of symptoms with improvement in vision, mobility, balance, bladder control, fatigue and short term memory. In addition, her baseline pattern reversal visual evoked potential studies, which showed abnormally prolonged latencies in both eyes, normalized 3 weeks after the initiation of magnetic therapy and remained normal more than 2.5 years later. Since the introduction of magnetic therapy episodes of sleep paralysis gradually diminished and abated completely over the past 3 years. This report suggests that MS may be associated with deficient REM sleep inhibitory neural mechanisms leading to sleep paralysis secondary to the intrusion of REM sleep atonia and dream imagery into the waking state. Pineal melatonin and monoaminergic neurons have been implicated in the induction and maintenance of REM sleep and the pathogenesis of sleep paralysis and it is suggested that resolution of sleep paralysis in this patient by AC pulsed applications of EMFs was related to enhancement of melatonin circadian rhythms and cerebral serotoninergic neurotransmission.  

Title   Exposure to strong static magnetic field slows the growth of human cancer cells in vitro. Raylman RR; Clavo AC; Wahl RL  University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor,
Bioelectromagnetics, 17(5):358-63 1996
Abstract Proposals to enhance the amount of radiation dose delivered to small tumors with radioimmunotherapy by constraining emitted electrons with very strong homogeneous static magnetic fields has renewed interest in the cellular effects of prolonged exposures to such fields. Past investigations have not studied the effects on tumor cell growth of lengthy exposures to very high magnetic fields. Three malignant human cell lines, HTB 63 (melanoma), HTB 77 IP3 (ovarian carcinoma), and CCL 86 (lymphoma: Raji cells), were exposed to a 7 Tesla uniform static magnetic field for 64 hours. Following exposure, the number of viable cells in each group was determined. In addition, multicycle flow cytometry was performed on all cell lines, and pulsed-field electrophoresis was performed solely on Raji cells to investigate changes in cell cycle patterns and the possibility of DNA fragmentation induced by the magnetic field. A 64 h exposure to the magnetic field produced a reduction in viable cell number in each of the three cell lines. Reductions of 19.04 +/- 7.32%, 22.06 +/- 6.19%, and 40.68 +/- 8.31% were measured for the melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and lymphoma cell lines, respectively, vs. control groups not exposed to the magnetic field. Multicycle flow cytometry revealed that the cell cycle was largely unaltered. Pulsed-field electrophoresis analysis revealed no increase in DNA breaks related to magnetic field exposure. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to a very strong magnetic field appeared to inhibit the growth of three human tumor cell lines in vitro. The mechanism underlying this effect has not, as yet, been identified, although alteration of cell growth cycle and gross fragmentation of DNA have been excluded as possible contributory factors. Future investigations of this phenomenon may have a significant impact on the future understanding and treatment of cancer.

Title Successful treatment of multiple sclerosis with magnetic fields. Sandyk R, NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811.
Int J Neurosci 1992 Oct  Pg 237 through 250
Abstract: The present communication concerns a 50 year-old woman with a 15 year history of chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in whom extracranial application of picoTesla magnetic fields (MF) produced a dramatic and sustained improvement in disability. In contrast, administration of melatonin (3 mg, P.O.) produced in this patient a rapid exacerbation of disability which was reversed subsequently by treatment with MF. It is hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of picoTesla MF involve the mediation of the pineal gland which is known to act as a magnetosensor. The report demonstrates, for the first time, the remarkable efficacy of weak MF in the symptomatic treatment of chronic-progressive MS and underscores the pivotal role of the pineal gland in the pathophysiology of MS. If confirmed by a larger cohort of patients, extracranial application of picoTesla MF may prove as an extremely efficacious, nonpharmacological modality for the treatment of MS.

Title Reversal of alexia in multiple sclerosis by weak electromagnetic fields. Sandyk R  NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811, USA.
Int J Neurosci  1995 Nov Page  69 through 79
Abstract: The occurrence of cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recognized since 1877 when Charcot first observed "enfeeblement of memory" in his patients. Cognitive deficits have been reported in almost 50% of patients with a relapsing-remitting course and in a significantly higher percentage of patients with a chronic progressive course leading to intellectual disability which is often severe enough to preclude employment. MS is considered a form of subcortical dementia and the occurrence of classical cortical disorders such as aphasia, agnosia and apraxia is reported to be rare in the disease. However, in my experience alexia, a reading impairment unrelated to visual acuity or visual field defects, is common in patients with MS. Recently, I reported that treatment with picotesla range electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) is an efficacious modality in the management of both the motor and cognitive symptoms of MS. Three patients with MS who developed alexia as a manifestation of the disease are presented. In all patients the alexia was reversed several months after they began treatment with EMFs.
Since alexia usually reflects a disconnection syndrome whereby lesions involving the left visual cortex and the splenium of the corpus callosum disconnect language association areas from visual association areas, it is suggested that reversal of the alexia in these patients by EMFs was related to improved interhemispheric transcallosal transmission of visual information. In addition, it is conceivable that changes in the metabolism of monoamines, which are involved in visual information processing and reading comprehension, may have been important in causing reversal of the alexia. This report further supports the unique efficacy of this treatment modality in reversing specific cognitive deficits in MS.

Title Alzheimer's disease: improvement of visual memory and visuoconstructive performance by treatment with picotesla range magnetic fields.  Sandyk R NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, Danbury, CT 06811.
Int J Neurosci 1994 Jun  Volume: 76 Page185 through 225
Abstract: Impairments in visual memory and visuoconstructive functions commonly occur in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, I reported that external application of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of extremely low intensity (in the picotesla range) and of low frequency (in the range of 5Hz-8Hz) improved visual memory and visuoperceptive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Since a subgroup of Parkinsonian patients, specifically those with dementia, have coexisting pathological and clinical features of AD, I investigated in two AD patients the effects of these extremely weak EMF on visual memory and visuoconstructive performance. The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test as well as sequential drawings from memory of a house, a bicycle, and a man were employed to evaluate the effects of EMF on visual memory and visuoconstructive functions, respectively. In both patients treatment with EMF resulted in a dramatic improvement in visual memory and enhancement of visuoconstructive performance which was associated clinically with improvement in other cognitive functions such as short term memory, calculations, spatial orientation, judgement and reasoning as well as level of energy, social interactions, and mood. The report demonstrates, for the first time, that specific cognitive symptoms of AD are improved by treatment with EMF of a specific intensity and frequency. The rapid improvement in cognitive functions in response to EMF suggests that some of the mental deficits of AD are reversible being caused by a functional (i.e., synaptic transmission) rather than a structural (i.e., neuritic plaques) disruption of neuronal communication in the central nervous system.

Title Transcranial magnetic coil stimulation of motor cortex in patients with central pain. Migita K, Uozumi T, Arita K, Monden S  Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
 Neurosurgery  1995 May Volume: 36 : 1037 through 1039 discussion 1039-40
Abstract: We report two patients with deafferentation pain secondary to central nervous system lesions who were evaluated by noninvasive magnetic coil stimulation of the motor cortex followed by electrical motor cortex stimulation with epidural electrode array implantation. Magnetic coil stimulation was very useful to estimate the effect of electrical stimulation. Our first patient was a 52-year-old man who experienced a left putamenal hemorrhage at the age of 48. Two years later, he had paresthesias and intractable pain in the extremities and face on the right side. Pain was resistant to barbiturates but responded to magnetic coil stimulation of the motor cortex. Electrical motor cortex stimulation provided excellent relief from the pain. The second patient was a 43-year-old man who was suffering from congenital cerebral palsy for which left thalamotomy was performed two times, at the ages of 9 and 13. He began to experience intractable pain on the right side 20 years later. Although barbiturate administration was effective for pain relief, neither magnetic coil stimulation nor electrical stimulation of the motor cortex gave relief from pain.

Title Magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Sandyk R ,Anninos PA, Tsagas N, Derpapas K  Democrition University of Thrace, Department of Medical Physics and Polytechnic School, Alexandroupolis and Xanthi, Greece.
 Int J Neurosci  1992 Mar Volume: 63 Page Numbers: 141 through 150
Abstract: Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are a common complication of chronic dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The overall prevalence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias ranges from 40%-90% and is related to the underlying disease process, pharmacologic factors, and to the duration of high dose levodopa therapy. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias are unknown, although most investigators favor the theory that striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity is directly responsible for the development of these abnormal movements. In laboratory animals, the pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to regulate striatal dopaminergic activity and block levodopa-induced dyskinesias (Cotzias et al., 1971). Since the pineal gland is known to be a magnetosensitive organ and as application of external magnetic fields has been shown to alter melatonin secretion, we studied the effects of application of external artificial weak magnetic fields in a Parkinsonian patient with severe levodopa-induced dyskinesias ("on-off"). Application of weak magnetic fields with a frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 7.5 picotesla (pT) for a 6 minute period resulted in a rapid and dramatic attenuation of Parkinsonian disability and an almost complete resolution of the dyskinesias. This effect persisted for about 72 hours after which the patient regressed to his pretreatment state. To ascertain if the responses elicited in the laboratory were reproducible, the patient was instructed to apply magnetic fields of the same characteristics daily at home. These subsequent treatments paralleled the initial response with a sustained improvement being maintained during an observation period lasting at least one month. This case demonstrates the efficacy of weak magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinsonism and motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy.

Title Magnetic stimulation in restorative therapy of patients with spondylogenic diseases of nervous system Skoromets AA; Nikitina VV
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova, 97(12):28-31 1997
Abstract A new method of impulse magnetic therapy was studied in the treatment of neurologic complications of osteochondrosis and deforming spondylarthrosis in 225 patients with neurologic manifestations of pathology in cervical or sacral parts of spinal column. To assess the results obtained, EMG, thermography and determination of the levels of blood plasma lipid peroxidation were used.

Title Attenuation of epilepsy with application of external magnetic fields: a case report. Sandyk R; Anninos PA , Democrition University of Thrace, Department of Medical Physics, Alexandroupolis, Greece. Int J Neurosci, 66(1-2):75-85 1992 Sep
Abstract We have previously demonstrated that magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain measurements in patients with seizure disorders show significant MEG activity often in the absence of conventional EEG abnormalities. We localized foci of seizure activity using the mapping technique characterized by the ISO-Spectral Amplitude (ISO-SA) on the scalp distribution of specified spectral components or frequency bands of the emitted MEG Fourier power spectrum. In addition, using an electronic device, we utilized the above recorded activity to emit back the same intensity and frequency of magnetic field to the presumed epileptic foci. Using this method we were able, over the past two and one-half years, successfully to attenuate seizure activity in a cohort of over 150 patients with various forms of epilepsy. We present a patient with severe epilepsy and behavioral disturbances in whom application of an external artificial magnetic field of low intensity produced a substantial attenuation of seizure frequency which coincided with an improvement in the patient's behavior. This case demonstrates that artificial magnetic treatment may be a valuable adjunctive procedure in the management of epilepsy.